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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

全国铁路今日起按年龄实行儿童优惠票 持证导盲犬可进站乘车******

　　光明网讯（记者 陶媛）1月1日，记者从中国国家铁路集团有限公司（以下简称“国铁集团”）获悉：为贯彻落实国家发布的《铁路旅客运输规程》，国铁集团从铁路运输企业层面细化完善旅客运输业务办理规则，制定了《中国国家铁路集团有限公司铁路旅客运输规程》（简称“《国铁集团客规》”），于今日起正式实施。

　　据介绍，《国铁集团客规》包括总则、旅客运输、行李运输、特殊情况的处理以及附则等5部分内容，明确了铁路运输企业和旅客的权利与义务，以及办理旅客运输业务的要求和程序，并优化完善了相关规定，将进一步提升国家铁路客运服务品质，为广大旅客提供更加美好的出行体验。

　　一是按年龄实行儿童优惠票。年满6周岁且未满14周岁的儿童可购买儿童优惠票，将惠及更多儿童旅客。根据测算，《国铁集团客规》实施后，每年享受儿童优惠票的旅客较此前预计增加1500万人次。每一名成年旅客可免费携带一名未满6周岁且不单独占用席位的儿童乘车，超过一名时，超过人数应当购买儿童优惠票，儿童年龄按乘车日期计算。旅客携带免费乘车儿童时，应当在购票时向铁路运输企业提出申明，购票申明时使用的免费乘车儿童有效身份证件为其乘车凭证。

　　二是优化学生优惠票购票规则。学生优惠票不再规定乘车时间限制。学生旅客凭附有标注减价优惠区间和火车票学生优惠卡的学生证，每学年（10月1日至次年9月30日）任意时间可购买家庭居住地至院校（实习地点）所在地之间4次单程的学生优惠票。

　　三是切实关爱重点旅客出行。明确了持中华人民共和国残疾军人证、中华人民共和国伤残人民警察证、国家综合性消防救援队伍残疾人员证的人员凭证可以购买优待票。明确视力残疾旅客可以携带取得导盲犬工作证，用于辅助视力残疾人工作、生活的导盲犬进站乘车。行动不便的老、幼、病、残、孕等特殊重点旅客可免费携带轮椅、折叠婴儿车进站上车，出行更加便捷。

　　四是让旅客享受更多优惠。旅客分段购买的，出发地至目的地间可联程接续的多段车票，如因一段行程中的列车晚点或停运，后续联程的车票可一并办理退票，并免收退票费；如因铁路运输企业责任造成旅客在中途站退票，按未乘区间票价退还票款；旅客办理补票、变更等客运业务时不再收取手续费。

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）